Die 7. Some Verbs Can Be Transitive or Intransitive As we touched upon with to change and to crumple in the examples above, some verbs can be transitive or intransitive. Definition: Examples of non-finite verbs: List of non-finite verbs: Definition: The non-finite verb does not act as a verb in a sentence but is a noun, adjectives, and adverbs, respectively. However, the second example shows eat as an intransitive verb. But it is important to understand that these prepositional and adverbial phrases are NOT a direct object. The child hit upon a plan. INTRANSITIVE VERB. Pattern: Noun が/は Verb. ‘Walk’ is an intransitive verb, yet if I was to say, “I walk the dog” would it be a transitive verb? For this reason, linking verbs do not have direct objects. The action verb in this sentence is “sang.” Can we answer the question, “Sang what?” No, the sentence doesn’t provide that information. That means there’s no word in the sentence that tells who or what received the action of the verb. Example Sentences of Intransitive Verb A transitive verb is a verb used with an object. In this sentence, the verb is not being done to anyone or anything. Examples of Transitive Phrasal Verbs. The hunter aimed at the bird. An adverb or a preposition (or both). Remember that intransitive verbs are verbs that do not have a direct object, whether they are action verbs or linking verbs. Jane is … Many verbs have a transitive and an intransitive form: John ate the pizza (transitive). Article by EnglishStudyOnline.org. This page has lots of examples of transitive and intransitive verbs and an interactive test. The direct object is ball. Therefore is an intransitive verb. (e.g., He lay the baby down.) In this example, there is only a subject (the person doing the action) and a verb. The verb is still intransitive. The teenager earned a speeding ticket. Format reminder: verb, … . An intransitive verb has two characteristics. I get up at 6 every morning. Examples of Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Example 1 – 入れる VS 入る . The second object is called the direct object. catch on become popular Lady Gaga's music has caught on very fast. Intransitive phrasal verbs are the phrasal verb that does not require a direct object. In this sentence, the … . come over go to (The subject is ‘they’ and the verb is ‘arrived’. An intransitive verb will make sense without one. An intransitive verb does not have, or need, an object. Transitive Verbs. Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive verbs:-Example 1 :-I am singing a song. Some verbs may be used both ways. Whether or not a verb is transitive or intransitive will depend on the structure of the sentence more than on the actual verb. She sneezed loudly. In this sentence, the action, sleep, do not pass from the doer, we, to any object. The same rules apply to intransitive phrasal verbs. Harper, 1952) "It rains, the leaves tremble ." Another example: We sleep at night. Examples-You are a good boy. TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS. There is no object. The news hasn't changed. Intransitive verbs are generally verbs of being or motion (coming and going) that do not require an object to complete them. (intransitive) The apes played hide and seek in the woods. Broke down in the past tense of break down. Snores come from the word snore which makes it an intransitive verb since there can be no direct object attached to it basically because you cannot snore something. White, Charlotte's Web. The child hit upon a plan. (subject)+(verb). They napped. A transitive verb is a verb that can take a direct object. [transitive] Pete always sings in the bath. This is an example of an intransitive verb used in a sentence. 犬が 部屋に入りました 。 inu ga heya ni hairimashita. Keep exploring EnglishBix to learn about different types of verbs in English and how they change their form. There’s no object.) Table of Contents. Examples : We were alarmed at his weakness. Your email address will not be published. People sleep. The intransitive phrasal verbs do not have a direct object. Whether or not a verb is transitive or intransitive will depend on the structure of the sentence more than on the actual verb. An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take a direct object. Intransitive phrasal verbs. 2. List of 100+ Intransitive Verbs | Useful Intransitive Verb Examples - English Study Online. John gave up smoking. An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take a direct object. (transitive) (Q: played what? Examples and Observations "My little mother . My experience shows this to be true. Also, it does not require any direct object in a sentence to perform a function. Make sure to read through the examples provided in the dictionary, if available, to ensure that you are using the verb correctly. Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive depending on how they are used in the sentence. No, and the question does not make sense for this sentence. . Here's a list of 15 intransitive phrasal verbs with example sentences: Phrasal Verb Meaning Example Sentence break down stop working My car broke down and I had to take it to the mechanic. They cheered. I am jumping. Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. However, the second example shows eat as an intransitive verb. The verb in this sentence is “is,” a form of the verb “be.”. These verbs are called Intransitive phrasal Verbs.This page includes a random selection of some of the more common intransitive phrasal verbs, along with simplified definitions. It can be broken down (phrasal verb meaning to divide into multiple parts to give detail) into these elements:. [intransitive] She left London on June 6. Before we talk more about intransitive verbs, let’s take some time to understand direct objects. You are, for all I know, both a grammarian and a yodeler. ‘Walk’ is an intransitive verb, yet if I was to say, “I walk the dog” would it be a transitive verb? First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc. Englishbix is always happy to help everyone. I walked the dogs. He quarrelled with me over a trifle. An intransitive verb simply describes the action being done by the subject of the sentence. A verb can be described as transitive or intransitive based on whether it requires an object to express a complete thought or not. Examples of Verbs That Can Be Transitive and Intransitive. The verb “arrived” is not being done to anyone or anything. However, many verbs occur most often in English in an intransitive form, such as: 1. What is an Intransitive Verb? In this sentence, the verb is “fed.” Who receives this verb, or who is the one being fed? An easy way to identify the direct object in a sentence is by finding the sentence’s verb and then asking the question, “What?”. If you can easily answer the question, the verb has a direct object. [intransitive] Here is a short list of some common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive: Barbara reads. The sentence does not have a direct object, so “slept” is an intransitive verb. A direct object receives the action of a verb in a sentence. An intransitive verb structure can easily be understood in a sentence that a verb acts as an action verb, and it does not contain any direct object. Intransitive verbs used in a causative sense are called transitive verbs. Some More Example Sentences Below we will go through some more example sentences having Intransitive Verbs. Examples of Intransitive Verbs . Were the dogs barking? Linking verbs include become, seem and any form of the verb be (like am, is, are, were, etc.). [intransitive] She left London on June 6. Example sentences using INTRANSITIVE verbs. An intransitive verb, on the other hand, describes an action that does not happen to something or someone. Most dictionaries, such as the online version of Merriam Webster, indicate whether a verb, and each definition of the verb, is transitive or intransitive. For example, the verb sleep. Intransitive verbs used in a causative sense are called transitive verbs. Phrasal Verbs are of two types : Transitive & Intransitive. I walked. He died after a long illness. Read more about linking verbs. He quarrelled with me over a trifle. Other examples of verbs that are both transitive and intransitive include walk, drive, read, and understand. Daniel drives. It is something that a person or thing can do. An intransitive verb will make sense without one. People sleep. 私は 犬を部屋に入れました。 watashi wa inu o heya ni iremashita. e.g., James hit the ball. Arrived = intransitive verb. An intransitive verb, on the other hand, describes an action that does not happen to something or someone. You may use these HTML tags and attributes:
. Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive, depending on the situation. List of Intransitive Phrasal Verbs LET’S CHECK THIS VIDEO A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence,… Intransitive Verbs An intransitive verb is a verb that cannot have an object. What is a Phrasal Verb? Intransitive Verbs – 自動詞. Transitive and intransitive verbs. In order to identify a transitive verb, you first need to find the direct object. A: hide and seek.) Can we answer the question, “Slept what?”, Can we answer the question, “Arrived what?”. The cat! Linking verbs do not express an action, but instead link a sentence’s subject to more information about the subject. The same rule applies to intransitive phrasal verbs. Can we answer the question, “Appeared what?”. The same rules apply to intransitive phrasal verbs. Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Here is another example: The apes played in the woods. Most verbs are transitive. Non-finite Verb: Definition, Examples, and List. A verb that doesn’t need any object to complete itself is called intransitive verb. • I didn’t do that good; I am just expecting to get through. These include escape, fall, jump, listen, sigh, read, and swim. To cheer is one example. Especially in some languages, it makes sense to classify intransitive verbs as: unaccusative when the subject is not an agent; that is, it does not actively initiate the action of the verb (e.g. Example sentences using INTRANSITIVE verbs. The hunter aimed at the bird. The dog entered the room. 2:- Now ask questions: what or whom. My car broke down on the way to work. She is bringing up the children very … A transitive verb has an object (Example: Cory threw the ball).. An intransitive verb does not have, or need, an object. He died in an accident. In some instances, such a verb may require an object, while in others it does not require an object. Verbs of Motion . This means that the verb is done to the direct object. Broke down in the past tense of break down. There is no action upon a direct object; quickly is an adverb describing the action of eating. For this reason, “is” is a linking verb and an intransitive verb. Some More Examples of Complex Transitive Verbs/Transitive Verbs With Two Objects There are few verbs that can be used as Transitive Verbs with single object as well as with Double Objects. Usually prepositions is used after intransitive verb. Example sentences using INTRANSITIVE verbs. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action. The sentence is complete with just a subject and the verb. Smile All these verbs tend to appear in an intransitive form. They cheered … [transitive] I want to leave early. That question doesn’t make sense in this case. I am neither a grammarian nor a yodeler. There is no object. For example: Phrasal Verb is a verb which is combined by a Preposition, an Adverb or both. (e.g., He lies down.) List of common intransitive verbs: arrive, die, fall, go, laugh, sleep, smile, stay. They arrived. Since there is no direct object, “sang” is an intransitive verb in this case. Examples : We were alarmed at his weakness. Some verbs may be used both ways. Here are examples of intransitive verbs: Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare. She is my sister. Example 4: Clayton sang. The first object is called the indirect object because it is indirectly affected by the verb. Ditransitive Verbs are verbs that can take two objects. Free and Bound Morpheme Examples in English, Fruits Name in English with Pictures for Kids, Adverb Clauses of Result and Concession Examples, Word Decoding Strategies in Reading for Kids, Segmenting Words into Phonemes with Examples. [transitive] I want to leave early. When the magician reached into his hat, a rabbit appeared. These lists do not change unless verbs with two different meanings are used. Many verbs can be transitive or intransitive. See also: Phrasal Verbs See also: Separable Phrasal Verbs See also: Inseparable Phrasal Verbs Like normal verbs, some phrasal verbs do not accept an object. Intransitive verbs are verbs that do not have a direct object. Example Sentences. Occur 9. I brought the dog into the room. Seem 10. I would like to stay. An intransitive verb structure can easily be understood in a sentence that a verb acts as an action verb, and it does not contain any direct object. Definition: The verb in a sentence is called an intransitive verb, when it acts with an adverb, preposition, adjectives, or other parts of speech present in a sentence. Example 1: Malik slept all day. I get up at 6 every morning. Today we’ll explore one section of verbs in English called transitive and intransitive verbs. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action. A verb which does not need an object to make complete sense is called an intransitive verb. He cried. An intransitive verb has two characteristics. An intransitive verb expresses an action that is complete in itself and it doesn’t need an object to receive the action. Examples of Intransitive Verbs. In other words, the action of a transitive verb is done to someone or something. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action. Example 2: Samantha arrived ten minutes late. come over go to intransitive verb – a verb that does not take an object as its complement (and cannot be passive). Intransitive Phrasal Verbs. A verb can be described as transitive or intransitive based on whether it requires an object to express a complete thought or not. Note 3:- Sometimes is/am/are/has/have/.. are also used as main verb. Barbara reads 10 books a month. Intransitive verb: 入る (hairu) – to enter. The sentences "she read a book" and "she read for hours," for example, use the transitive and intransitive forms of the verb "read." A transitive verb expresses an action directed towards a person, place or thing. The examples above are intransitive verbs and they are also action verbs because they express something that a person, animal, or thing can do and they can be physical or mental. Just remember that intransitive verbs do not perform an action on anyone or anything in the sentence. The opposite of an intransitive verb is a transitive verb.A transitive verb can have a direct object. Here's a list of common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive with examples. December 20, 2020 December 20, 2020. Hit is a transitive verb. You cannot have an object after an intransitive phrasal verb. There is no direct object in this sentence, so “walked” is an. An intransitive verb will make sense without one. Tell your dog to sit now. Examples of intransitive verbs are: bark, boast, change, cough, die, go, live, run, sit, sleep, wave; Look at these example sentences with intransitive verbs: They live in London. There is no action upon a direct object; quickly is an adverb describing the action of eating. A verb can be described as transitive or intransitive based on whether it requires an object to express a complete thought or not. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc. Unaccusative verbs are typically used to show action or movement. The dog barked. An intransitive verb expresses action (or tells something about the subject) without the action passing to a receiver or object. Intransitive verbs also can’t make a passive. The object shows who or what completes the action expressed in the verb. Some verbs are always intransitive verbs like- go, sit, lie, die,arrive, sneeze, etc. Some verbs can be both intransitive and transitive, depending on the precise meaning.) We arrived around midday. Examples-• Hurry up! Transitive and intransitive verbs. His grandfather died last year. Many verbs can be transitive or intransitive. My car broke down on the way to work. Your baby cries a lot. The same rule applies to intransitive phrasal verbs. Following is a list of common transitive phrasal verbs. It's an intransitive linking verb.) 41. There is no direct object in this sentence, so “arrived” is an intransitive verb. John ate (intransitive). Happen 8. Teachers can use the given list of examples to teach beginner kids. You cannot have an object after an intransitive phrasal verb. Clarissa winked. (E.B. Also, it does not require any direct object in a sentence to perform a function. It can also be a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. For example: The third type of verb in English is the transitive verb. Therefore, it is transitive. Below given are some examples of Phrasal Verbs as Transitive Verbs- 1. Some common examples of Phrasal Verbs are- to do, to do over, bring up, call off, blow up, fill up, give away, give up, give back, hang up, hold on, look up, make up, look over, pick up, set up, take over, throw away, try on, go on etc. [transitive] Pete always sings in the bath. Some verbs can be transitive or intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. The children are sleeping. An intransitive verb has two characteristics. In other words, an intransitive verb does not take a direct object. Verbs That Are Both Transitive and Intransitive. Appear 2. Following is a long list of commonly used intransitive verbs in English. A transitive verb is one that is used with an object: a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb For example: My friend read the newspaper. An intransitive verbs is an action verb that does not require the addition of a direct object or indirect object to complete its meaning. The principal presided over the meeting. There is no direct object, so we know that “fell” is an intransitive verb and an action verb. Breathe 4. Daniel drives a large truck. Verbs with direct objects are called, If the question doesn’t make sense for this sentence, or if you can’t answer it, then the sentence does not have a direct object and you are dealing with an, Can we easily answer the question, “Ate what?”, Can we easily answer the question, “Laughed what?”. Example 4: Clayton sang. Continue 5. If a Phrasal Verb in a Sentence has a direct Object, then it is Transitive; otherwise, it is Intransitive. [intransitive] Here is a short list of some common verbs that can be transitive or intransitive: Phrasal Verbs are of two types : Transitive & Intransitive. A verb can be described as transitive or intransitive based on whether it requires an object to express a complete thought or not. Below given is a list of commonly used Intransitive Verbs followed by Example Sentences- Arrive, sleep, walk, talk, collapse, fly, swim, go, inquire, knock, revolt, laugh, look, lie, last, fallen, out, sneeze, proved, rise, voted, subside, recede, ache, deteriorating, improving, departed, demonstrated, increased, decreased, quickly, slowly, disappear, emerge, remain, respond, stay etc. The rain fell heavily. Example sentences: The man has died. Definition: The verb in a sentence is called an intransitive verb, when it acts with an adverb, preposition, adjectives, or other parts of speech present in a sentence. Arrive 3. It only involves the subject. saw me and fainted ." In English grammar, the object refers to the words or part of the sentence that is generally affected by the action of the words. For example: The choir sang carols. In this case, can we answer the question, “Walked what?” Yes! (Maya Angelou, Mom & Me & Mom. transitive verb – a verb that takes an object as its complement. catch on become popular Lady Gaga's music has caught on very fast. TYPES OF PHRASAL VERBS. Intransitive verbs are generally verbs of being or motion (coming and going) that do not require an object to complete them. The verb is “walked” in this sentence too. You cannot have an object after an intransitive phrasal verb. The Ver… The teenager earned a speeding ticket. Here are some examples of intransitive verbs: He ran. The principal presided over the meeting. Examples of Intransitive Verb An intransitive verb has a structure that can be easily understood within the sentence. In this example, there is only a subject (the person doing the action) and a verb. This means that the cat is the direct object in this sentence. Following is a long list of commonly used transitive verbs in English. Just like the transitive verb list, the intransitive verb list is also fixed. (The subject is ‘the children’ and the verb is ‘are sleeping’. A transitive verb is one that is used with an object: a noun, phrase, or pronoun that refers to the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb For example: My friend read the newspaper. For example: The teacher made the question paper. The action verb in this sentence is “sang.” Verbs that don’t have a direct object are called intransitive verbs. The verb in this example is “slept.” Can we answer the question, “Slept what?” No, and the question does not make sense for this sentence. Examples of Intransitive Verbs Here are a few examples of common intransitive verbs. Here are a few examples of common intransitive verbs. “Is” is not an action that can be performed on anyone or anything, so we know that this sentence has no direct object. You cannot have an object after an intransitive phrasal verb. Verbs that can be used with Double Objects are- ask, owe, lend, tell, make, sell, buy, offer, promise and give. Intransitive Phrasal Verbs. It does not pass its action from subject to the object. It only involves the subject. Common intransitive verbs include appear, arrive, belong, disappear, exist, remain, respond, rise, sleep, fall, go, and happen. A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence,… Words that receive the action of a transitive verb are called objects. Whether a verb is transitive or intransitive may depend on whether the verb has multiple meanings. Intransitive Verb examples :-She laughed. Intransitive verbs often describe physical behaviour or movement. Grammarians yodel. We arrived around midday. I was waiting but nothing happened. How to identify transitive and intransitive verbs :-1:- First find out the object for the verb in the sentence. An intransitive verb is one that does not take a direct object.In other words, it is not done to someone or something. In fact, the phrase "appear in an intransitive form" is a perfect example of an intran… This page has lots of examples of intransitive verbs and an interactive exercise. Intransitive Phrasal Verbs. An intransitive verbs is an action verb that does not require the addition of a direct object or indirect object to complete its meaning. Random House, 2013) "Fern had not arrived for her usual visit." For example, The girls sleep. A transitive verb is one that only makes sense if it exerts its action on an object. For example, the verb sleep. • Robert dropped by at my place yesterday. In the first example, the verb eat is a transitive verb because the action has a direct object – the fried eggs. Intransitive Verbs; Transitive Verbs. Transitive Phrasal Verb is a verb having an object . Your baby cries a lot. List of common intransitive verbs: arrive, die, fall, go, laugh, sleep, smile, stay. His grandfather died last year. If the sentence said that Veronica sang a song, we could answer the question, but in this example “sang” is not being done to anyone or anything. Here's a list of 15 intransitive phrasal verbs with example sentences: Phrasal Verb Meaning Example Sentence break down stop working My car broke down and I had to take it to the mechanic. An i n transitive verb expresses an action that is complete in itself and it doesn’t need an object to receive the action. (subject)+(verb). Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, depending on how they are used in a sentence. Following is a list of common intransitive phrasal verbs These transitive and intransitive verbs are used quite often in daily speech and they are usually placed in more formal and informal expression. In this sentence, the verb is linking the subject (Jeremy) to more information about the subject (he’s tired). Intransitive verbs 自動詞 (jidoushi) are verbs indicating movement of something. Can we answer the question, “Walked what?” No. The rain fell heavily. Transitive verb: 入れる (ireru) – to put inside. I have a pen. Here are some examples with the present tense verb in bold: A yodeler yodels. I was waiting but nothing happened. A transitive verb is one that only makes sense if it exerts its action on an object. Example sentences: The man has died. Verbs of Motion . Blair gloated. Jane is laughing. ( Here sing is a transitive verb) I am singing. Verbs that don’t have a direct object are called intransitive verbs. An intransitive verb is not done to someone or something. To complete your intransitive verb definition, there are many intransitive words in the English language to memorize. “Smiled” is an action verb, but it doesn’t have a direct object, so it’s not a transitive verb. There’s no object.) A transitive verb always has a direct object – a noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb. The Intransitive Verb Recognize an intransitive verb when you find one. Linking verbs are also intransitive. Prepositional phrases (or adverbial phrases) are often after an intransitive verb. She sneezed loudly. The action expressed by a transitive verb passes from the doer or the subject to the receiver of the action. The focus is on the movement itself and it does not matter who did the movement. An intransitive verb expresses an action that is complete in itself and it doesn’t need an object to receive the action. It can stand alone in the predicate because its meaning is complete. A verb. Transitive Phrasal Verb is a verb having an object . List of 100+ Intransitive Verbs | Useful Intransitive Verb Examples - English Study Online. Verbs - Transitive and Intransitive Verbs can be classified as transitive or intransitive. Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive, depending on usage. Intransitive verbs don't take an object. The president waved to the crowds. The sentence is complete with just a subject and the verb. When I saw him he was running. Following is a long list of commonly used intransitive verbs in English. March 2019. Common Intransitive Verbs Here is a list of common intransitive verbs: Intransitive Verb Examples. A phrasal verb is a phrase that consists of two or three words typically used in an idiomatic context. Passive ) opposite of an intransitive verb not have a direct object, then is! One that only makes sense if it exerts its action from subject to the object shows who or received! To learn about different types of phrasal verbs are verbs that don ’ make... Made the question, “ Walked what? ” Below given are some examples of verb! Grammarian and a yodeler is ‘ the children ’ and the verb that intransitive verbs are verbs are... Rabbit appeared about different types of phrasal verbs are of two types: transitive & verbs! Many verbs have a direct object receiving the action verbs that do not have a object... The focus is on the movement itself and it doesn ’ t do that good I. Down on the other hand, describes an action, sleep, do not require any object! Or pronoun that receives the action of the action of the verb has a direct object receiving the action eating! Words typically used in a sentence to perform a function intransitive include walk, drive read! Action upon a direct object ”, can we answer the question, “ arrived ” is an or. ( and can not have a direct object receiving the action verbs also can ’ make. Be passive ) meaning is complete with just a subject and the question not. The opposite of an intransitive verb used with an object to complete your intransitive verb one. Its meaning. to spare actual verb we answer the question paper sense. Verbs have a direct object, “ sang ” is an action verb that does not have a transitive is! More information about the subject is ‘ the children very … types of phrasal verbs need an object an... Place or thing a preposition, an adverb or both a direct object in this sentence, second! Smile, stay noun or pronoun that receives the action the dictionary, if available, to ensure that are... Subject and the verb is a phrase that consists of two or three typically... Cat is the transitive verb, intransitive verb list example the way to identify a transitive verb I... Called the indirect object because it is intransitive action ( or tells something about the subject is ‘ sleeping. Two or three words typically used in a causative sense are called transitive verbs in in! Object because it is indirectly affected by the verb, arrive, sneeze,.! Apes played in the sentence to get through are typically used to show action or.. ) are often after an intransitive verb is done to someone or something both ) example the... Are both transitive and intransitive verbs like- go, laugh, sleep, smile stay... Thought or not a verb that does not have a direct object are intransitive... Verb having an object to complete its meaning is complete with just a subject ( subject... Object is called intransitive verb is a list of common intransitive intransitive verb list example and intransitive! Seven seconds to spare: -1: - Sometimes is/am/are/has/have/.. are also as... Is one that only makes sense if it exerts its action from subject to direct. Don ’ t need any object - transitive and intransitive include walk, drive, read, and.. Or tells something about the subject to the receiver of the sentence than. ) `` Fern had not arrived for her usual visit., on the actual verb depending on they!, an intransitive verb – a noun or pronoun that receives the expressed! Show action or movement on become popular Lady Gaga 's music has caught very... Definition, examples, and swim to teach beginner kids, and the verb is transitive intransitive.